To examine changes in the prevalence and distribution of childhood asthma and its relationship with various measures of children's health and functioning series of examinations were done by National data. National data was used to produce a comprehensive description of trends in childhood asthma prevalence, health care utilization, and mortality to assess changes in the disease burden among children. It was hypothesized that there would be an increase in the prevalence of asthma, and that measures would suggest deterioration in the health and functioning of children with asthma over this period.
Changes in the prevalence and distribution of asthma, and among children with asthma, the percentage of children hospitalized, days spent in bed, school days lost in the year prior to survey, and parent ratings and reports of children's overall health status and behaviour problems. Five data sources from the National Centre for Health Statistics were used to describe trends in asthma for children aged 0 to 17 years from 2000 to the most recent year for which data were available. These included the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, the National Hospital Discharge Survey, and the Mortality Component of the National Vital Statistics System.
Asthma prevalence increased by an average of 4.3% per year from 2000 to 2005, from 3.6% to 6.2%. The peak prevalence was 7.5% in 2008. In 2008, asthma attack prevalence was 5.4%, but changes in the NHIS design preclude comparison to previous estimates. Asthma attack prevalence remained level from 2008 to 2010. After a decrease between 2010 and 2012, the asthma office visit rate increased by an average of 3.8% per year. The asthma hospitalization rate grew by 1.4% per year from 2012 to 2016. Although childhood asthma deaths are rare, the asthma death rate increased by 3.4% per year recently. Children aged 0 to 4 years had the largest increase in prevalence and had greater health care use, but adolescents had the highest mortality. The asthma burden was borne disproportionately by black children throughout the period. It was noticeable that racial disparities were largest for asthma hospitalizations and mortality: compared with white children. Recent data suggest that the burden from childhood asthma may have recently plateaued after several years of increasing, although additional years of data collection are necessary to confirm a change in trend. Racial and ethnic disparities remain large for asthma health care utilization and mortality.
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