A new study suggests that maternal immune activation
due to infections can impact brain development in children. Neuroscientists
have found that immune system activation during pregnancy and right at birth
can cause alterations in the brain’s neural circuits during young adulthood
that are consistent with behavioural symptoms common in autism
spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental
conditions.
Immune system activation due to infections during
prenatal and early postnatal development may contribute to the development of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It was
confirmed by combining optogenetic
approaches and behavioural assays that reflect core features of
ASD (anxiety, decreased social interactions. The scientists induced either
maternal or postnatal immune activation, or gave both treatments, in groups of
pregnant mice and their offspring to discover the impact of immune activation
on the fetal brain. Pregnant mothers were treated with polycytidylic acid, which simulates a viral infection. The
offspring were treated with a lipopolysaccharide
(LPS), which simulates a bacterial infection was given at a time point that
approximates the stage of brain development at the time of birth.
Researchers found the desperate connection between
immune activation and symptoms like anxiety and decreased social interactions,
after treating the mice with corresponding chemicals. Substantially, they found
the damage in neural circuits which controls anxiety and social interactions in
chemical treated i.e., immune activated mice. While the group received maternal
and postnatal
treatments showed drastic effect especially behavioral
effects, which was easily diagnosed by electrophysiology tests.
Pediatric immunology plays a prominent role in
interpreting the cell and molecular mechanisms underlying the immune system and
it has seriously intruded within the development of new diagnosis and
treatment. A study of Immunological innovations has revealed that, respiratory
panel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing shows negativity in case of
presence of infection. This shows that immunological techniques of current
trends are not widely available.. Immunogenic techniques are being advanced and
updated due to the rise of resistant pathogens infecting children. A study
suggests that Human Boca virus (HBoV) is the most recent respiratory virus
which is difficult to diagnose. The journal of the Pediatric Infectious
Diseases Society states that staphylococcus aureus strains are
methicillin-resistant.
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